Fuel Pressure Pulsation Damper: Description and Operation
Fuel Pressure Pulse Damper:

PURPOSE
Fuel pressure pulsations caused by abrupt opening and closing of fuel injectors in the fuel line are reduced by the fuel pressure pulse damper.
LOCATION
The most suitable mounting location is immediately in front of the fuel rail as close to the injectors as possible on the fuel inlet side.
CONSTRUCTION
The dampener has an internal rubber diaphragm enveloped in a metal container with a pocket of air behind it.